Military members and their families can take advantage of several tax provisions, according to the 2021 version of Publication 3 from the Internal Revenue Service. Here are some top tips to consider before filing taxes.
Tax Filing and Deadlines
The deadline to file 2021 taxes is April 18, 2022 for most people due to the observance of Emancipation Day. Residents of Maine and Massachusetts have until April 19 due to the observance of Patriots’ Day.
The IRS extends many options for military members and their families if a service member is overseas and in a combat zone. For example, the IRS extends the deadline for filing a return if a service member is in a combat zone or has qualifying service.
Free Tax Filing Services and Consultants
Military members and their families can get help at many installations through the Military Voluntary Income Tax Assistance program. The legal center on base should be able to confirm if this service is available at the installation. Additionally, through Military One Source, free tax filing is available.
Gross Income Exclusion and Deductions
Service members receive many types of pay and allowances. The IRS includes some of these in the gross-income calculation while excluding others from it.
Combat Zone Exclusion
The combat zone tax exclusion allows service members to exclude certain pay from gross income. Typically, the service member must earn the pay in a month that they served in a combat zone.
According to the IRS website, these types of pay include:
- Active-duty pay from a combat zone
- Imminent-danger/hostile-fire pay
- Military-reenlistment bonus
- Accrued-leave pay
- Financial-award payments for work suggestions, technical inventions or scientific achievements
- Student-loan repayments
Miscellaneous Pay Allowances
According to the 2021 version of Publication 3, the IRS excludes a variety of pay allowances from income, including defense counseling, disability payments, group term-life insurance, professional education, Reserve Officers’ Training Corps education and subsistence, and survivor and retirement protection-plan premiums.
Living Allowances
According to IRS Publication 3, the government excludes BAH (basic allowance for housing), BAS (basic allowance for subsistence), international COLA (cost-of-living allowance) and OHA (overseas housing allowance) compensation from gross income.
Family Allowances
Military-family dependents receive some exclusions from gross income as well, including certain expenses for education, emergencies, evacuation and separation, according to Publication 3.
Moving Expenses
According to Publication 3, service members can exclude benefits received for the realignments and closures of military bases from their taxes. The same consideration covers payments for dislocation.
Other types of unreimbursed moving expenses that Publication 3 lists as exclusions include item transportation or storage, trailer relocation and housing costs.
Death Gratuity
According to Publication 3, the IRS excludes any death gratuity paid to a survivor from gross income. Survivors can also deduct unreimbursed dependent travel and burial services.
In-Kind Military Benefits
The military provides many in-kind benefits, some of which service members do not need to file as gross income. According to Publication 3, these include:
- Military deductions
- Travel expenses
- Uniform deductions
- Tax deadlines
- Travel expenses
